Monkeypox is a viral disease that has gained attention due to recent outbreaks in various parts of the world. It is caused by the monkeypox virus, which is related to the virus that causes smallpox. Understanding monkeypox is essential for recognizing its symptoms, knowing how it spreads and learning how to prevent it. This blog provides detailed information about monkeypox, including its causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention.
What is Monkeypox?
Monkeypox is a rare viral infection first identified in laboratory monkeys in 1958. Although it primarily affects animals, it can be transmitted to humans. The monkeypox virus belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus, which includes smallpox, cowpox and vaccinia viruses. Unlike smallpox, monkeypox is generally less severe, but can still cause serious health problems.
Causes of Monkeypox
Monkeypox is primarily transmitted through:
1. Animal contact: The virus can be transmitted to humans from infected animals such as rodents, monkeys and squirrels. This contact usually occurs through bites, scratches or eating the meat of infected animals. In regions where monkeypox is endemic, it is important to avoid handling or eating wild animals.
2. Human-to-human transmission: This can occur through respiratory droplets from close contact with an infected person. The virus can also be spread through bodily fluids or direct contact with lesions, sores or scabs on an infected person. Therefore, close personal contact, such as hugging or kissing, is a higher risk.
3. Contaminated materials: Touching items that have been contaminated with the virus, such as bedding or clothing from an infected person, can also pose a risk. Proper cleaning of surfaces and personal items is important to prevent transmission.
Symptoms of Monkeypox
The symptoms of monkeypox usually appear within 7 to 14 days of exposure, but can take up to 21 days. Early recognition of these symptoms is essential to ensure prompt medical attention. Common symptoms include
- Fever: One of the first signs, often accompanied by chills and sweating.
- Headache: A general feeling of discomfort and pain in the head.
- Muscle aches: Generalised aches and pains in the muscles and joints.
- Tiredness: Feeling unusually tired and weak.
- Swollen lymph nodes: This is a characteristic that distinguishes monkeypox from smallpox. Swollen lymph nodes can be painful and indicate that the body is fighting an infection.
- Rash: A rash often develops within a few days of the onset of fever. It usually starts on the face and then spreads to other parts of the body, including the arms, legs and genital area. The rash starts as flat lesions and then develops into raised, fluid-filled bumps that eventually crust over and heal.
Other less common symptoms may include a sore throat, cough and conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye). If you experience these symptoms, especially after exposure to a known case, it is important to seek medical attention.
Treatment for Monkeypox
There is currently no specific treatment for monkeypox, but several options can help manage symptoms and support recovery:
1. Supportive care: This includes rest, hydration and pain relief. Over-the-counter painkillers can help relieve symptoms such as fever and muscle aches.
2. Vaccination: The smallpox vaccine may provide some protection against monkeypox. Vaccination within 4 days of exposure may help prevent or reduce the severity of the disease.
3. Antiviral drugs: In some cases, antiviral medicines that are effective against smallpox may be used for monkeypox. These are usually reserved for severe cases or those at high risk of complications.
It’s important to consult a doctor for appropriate treatment if you suspect you have monkeypox. Early diagnosis and supportive care can greatly improve outcomes.
Prevention of Monkeypox
Preventing monkeypox involves a combination of personal hygiene and public health measures:
1. Avoid contact: Stay away from animals that may be infected, especially in areas where monkeypox is reported. Avoid handling wild animals and use caution when eating bushmeat.
2. Practice good hygiene: Regular hand washing with soap and water and the use of hand sanitisers can help reduce the risk of transmission. This is especially important after contact with animals or infected people.
3. Protective equipment: When caring for an infected person or handling animals suspected of carrying the virus, using gloves, masks and other protective equipment can help prevent the spread of the virus.
4. Stay informed: Knowing about outbreaks in your area can help you take precautions. Follow health advisories and information from public health officials.
Isolate-infected people: People diagnosed with monkeypox should be isolated until their lesions heal to prevent further transmission.
Monkeypox Treatment in Undri
If you suspect you have monkeypox or have been exposed to the virus, it’s important to seek medical help. Getwell Hospital in Undri provides medical assistance for monkeypox and can advise on treatment options. Remember that early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference to your recovery.
Monkeypox is a disease that deserves attention because of its potential health impact. By understanding its causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention strategies, we can better protect ourselves and our communities. If you have symptoms of monkeypox or have been in contact with someone who is infected, it is important to seek medical advice.